What is SARS-CoV-2? SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is a strain of Coronavirus that causes COVID-19, the respiratory illness responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The virus previously had the provisional name 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), and has also been called human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19 or hCoV-19). First identified in the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China, the World Health Organization designated the outbreak a public health emergency of international…
What is Enterobacter cloacae? Enterobacter cloacae is a rod-shaped, naturally occurring bacterium which commonly resides in the human digestive tract. It can cause a variety of infectionsopen_in_new in immunocompromised people through direct contact with those infected or exposure to contaminated surgical devices and fluids. These infections happen predominantly within medical facilities, particularly intensive care units…
What is Enterococcus faecium? In the depths of the human and animal gastrointestinal tract lay colonies of a bacterium called Enterococcus faecium. Part of the Streptococcus genus since their discovery in 1899, they were ultimately found to have more commonalities with the nucleic acid of enterococci. Thus, in 1984, they were reassignedopen_in_new to that family…
What is Acinetobacter baumannii? Acinetobacter baumannii is a rod-shaped pathogenic bacteria named for its lack of movement (Gk. akinos) and its primary founder, Paul Baummann. This opportunistic pathogenopen_in_new causes infections in healthcare contexts, especially with the immune compromised. In fact, it has been identified as an “ESKAPE” pathogenopen_in_new, meaning it is frequently listed among the…
What is Klebsiella pneumoniae? The human immune system is a wonder of nature as it efficiently protects our bodies against infection from bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of many bacteria that reside in our intestinesopen_in_new and is kept in check by the antibodies which naturally exist in our bloodstream. However, it can…
What is Yersinia pestis? The infamous “Black Death” killed more than a thirdopen_in_new of Europe’s population in the 14th century. The cause? Yersinia pestis. Two lesser pandemics and several outbreaks throughout history also resulted from this pathogenic bacterium, resulting in innumerable deaths. Y. pestis still infects thousands of people each year, manifested in a disease…
What is Streptococcus pneumoniae? Streptococcus pneumoniae is a round-shaped bacteria typically found in pairs or short chains. While infection by this pathogenic bacteria is a leading cause of Pneumonia, it is also responsible for other pneumococcal infections, such as bronchitis, sinusitis, meningitis, and conjunctivitis. The broad range of illnesses resulting from exposure to this bacterium…
What is Candida auris? One thing you can say about Candida auris is that it gets around. It was first identifiedopen_in_new in Japan in 2009 and has since spread the world over, arriving in the United States in 2016, with an increase in cases each following year. The CDC has taken note of this dramatic…
What is Toxoplasma gondii? Over 40 million people in the United States alone carry the parasite known as Toxoplasma gondii. The CDC observes that in some places of the world up to 60% of populationsopen_in_new are infected by it, particularly those with hot, humid climates and lower elevations. As often as they are found in…
What is Streptococcus pyogenes? Streptococcus pyogenes is a strain of Streptococcus, also known as group A Streptococcus (GAS). They are bacteria made up of round cells (cocci) that tend to link together to form a chain (streptos). They are usually pathogenic, meaning they frequently cause disease, the most common of which is Strep Throat (Pharyngitis)open_in_new. The…
What is Enterococcus faecalis? Enterococcus faecalis (formerly known as Streptococcus faecalis) is a species of bacteria that resides predominantly in human gastrointestinal tracts but is also found in the oral cavity and vaginaopen_in_new. Within the gastro system, it is typically not harmful. It is even beneficial as a probiotic in normal concentrations. When it enters…
What are Enteroviruses? Enteroviruses are viruses divided into two groups: viruses that cause polio and non-polio viruses. Certain types of non-polio enteroviruses known as coxsackieviruses cause a disease known as hand, foot, and mouth disease. Infections from Enteroviruses are most likely to take place during the summer and fall. They are estimated to cause 10–15 million…
What is Listeria? Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium that can cause a rare but serious infection called listeriosis. Approximately 1,600 people contract this disease each year, and about 260 people die. The CDC estimatesopen_in_new that this bacterium is the third leading cause of death from foodborne illness. In February 2023, one companyopen_in_new recalled a long…
Upping Their Disinfection Game with Germicidal Ultraviolet Disinfection During the heart of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Tiger Schulmann’s Martial Arts Studio in Smithtown, NY weathered the same challenges every fitness facility experienced. Through lockdowns, capacity restrictions, and increased safety protocols, Sensei James Leonelli came out the other side with an increased awareness of the health threats…
What is Staphylococcus Epidermidis? Staphylococcus epidermidis is a bacterium that is commonly found on human skin and mucous membranes. While it generally lives in harmony with the human body, it is a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in surgical wounds, the urinary tract, or bloodstream. Since S. epidermidis adheres well to plastic or metal, it…
What is Staphylococcus Aureus? Staphylococcus aureus is a type of bacterium that about 30% of people carry in their nosesopen_in_new. Most of the time, staph does not cause any harm; however, sometimes staph causes infections. MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is a certain strand of this bacteria that is resistant to several antibiotics. In everyday life, S.…
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